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Gerry McGovern Gerry McGovern   Bio
04.16.07

Why Simplicity Is Essential to Web Design

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Simplicity is highly overrated, according to Donald Norman, a design thinker I very much admire.

"I'm a champion of elegance, simplicity, and ease of use," Norman writes. "But, as a business person, I also know that companies have to make money, which means they have to deliver the products that their customers want, not the products they believe they should want. And the truth is, simplicity does not sell."

So why do we buy complexity even when the simple option would be better? Three reasons.

Firstly, because we do judge a book by its cover; we do think beauty is skin deep. If something looks complicated, then we immediately assume that it must be powerful; must have greater value.

Secondly, we love to show off. Complexity is like the peacock's feathers. It is brash and impossible to miss. Complexity lets other people know how clever we are and how rich, because we can afford such complexity.

Thirdly, buying complexity is like buying insurance. We might not need all these fancy features right now, but there might be some time in the future when we will. Buying complexity insures us against future need.

"When users choose a feature-laden product, they may not be exhibiting a desire for complexity," Joshua Porter writes in his very interesting article, Simplicity: The Ultimate Sophistication. "Instead, users are anxious about predicting their future needs."

None of the above conditions operate on a Web site for the following reasons.

First, we don't pay for visiting a site with our money; we pay for it with our time. The longer we spend on a Web site, the more we pay, so there is a strong motivation to spend as little time as possible.

Second, Web sites are about the present, not the future. Investing in a product is about predicting all the future uses we may have for it. Visiting a Web site is about now. We have a particular need and we visit the website to meet that particular need.

Web site behavior is not about insuring against future conditions but rather about reaping the benefits of past actions. In other words, we like sites that resemble sites we're used to visiting, because they are more familiar and easier to navigate.

Third, we can't wear a Web site, drive around in it or show it
off at a party. Browsing a site is essentially private behavior. When we go to Google we are usually alone. We search for cheap flights, but we certainly don't go around advertising that we're cheap.

If people loved complexity on the Web, then everyone would be using Advanced Search. We'd all be going to the 10th page of search results instead of clicking on one of the first three results on the first page.

We may still end up buying complex products on the Web, but our Web behavior will remain relentlessly simple and hugely impatient. We use the Web during the ad breaks for Desperate Housewives. We simply don't have time to waste on complex navigation, convoluted language, or the vanity publishing of navel-gazing organizations.



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Comments

Hey Gerry!

Very thought provoking post. Especially liked the interesting extra links.

Two things came to mind, though.

First one is there perhaps aught to be a differentiation with products that satisfy an immediate need, and their simplicty verses products that while satsifying an immediate need are more aimed towards potential future needs. I suppose a more interesting thing to know would be generally, which do people prefer?

The second thought is do you think with the increase of the integration of the web into daily lives that the simplicty we desire and demand on the web will transition into the more real-life, tangible assets?

Posted by: Nathan S | 04.16.07

Hi Gerry,

Excellent post. I agree with you: simplicity is what is needed. Simplicity is best. Maybe it's because life is incredibly complex today, but I believe many of us yearn to simplify things as much as we can: the last line of your post says it all!

"We simply don't have time to waste on complex navigation, convoluted language, or the vanity publishing of navel-gazing organizations." Enough said.

Posted by: Claire Ratushny | 04.16.07

Gerry:

I think we'd all agree that "simplicity" when defined as "easy to use" is a good thing and "complexity" when defined as "not easy to use" is bad. But a clean and elegant home page may be perfect for an ad agency while a link-laden portal works best for professionals who know what they're looking for.

The best way to measure the effectiveness of a web page design is to test the thing against what you're hoping to achieve -- are people buying more, staying longer, downloading more. We used Vividence (now Keynote) to get the best read on web design up front and if you can do this kind of pre testing, I'd recommend it.

The deeper lesson here, though -- timing is everything, as I just wrote a post on this and am planning on putting it up later -- is that our preconceptions about what is "simple" or "elegant" or "correct" for that matter, should be subordinate to what our customers expect of us.

Thanks -- good post.

Posted by: Stephen Denny | 04.16.07

I do not understand Mr. Norman's statement at all. Are you sure that he is referencing the web and web content? In this brief quote he sites no examples whatsoever. Is the the complete statement? It is rather unbelievable and almost seems to be taken out of context in this instance. An aside: I have been a fan of the clean simplicity of the clean modern design and content of Dwell magazine for some time, but never visited their web site until today. What a dissapointment; there was no simplicity to be found. It was so cluttered and busy that I spent 0 time there. Thanks so much for your post and opinions.

Posted by: Molly Irwin | 04.16.07

Thanks for all the feedback. I think Stephen makes a particularly good point in relation to defining simplicity and complexity. Simplicity should mean easy to use.

What we really need are easy to use complex websites and products--because, after all, life is complex.

Posted by: Gerry McGovern | 04.17.07

Gerry,

Amen! We do a fair bit of web site design for clients, generally as part of an overall marketing effort (not in a vaccum). The hardest part of building a new site for an existing company is getting those heavily invested in the site-that-is to look at it from their customer's perspective. Just because YOU think you need a huge section of the site-that-will-be devoted to the company's history, including each successive CEO, does NOT mean your customers are necessarily interested. The web site is not about you telling your customers what you want them to know. It's about your customers being able to easily and quickly find exactly what they want or need from you. Truly intuitive, customer-focused sites require an inside-out approach, and the concepts can be complex. But, the ultimate creative triumph is making something complex appear to be simple.

Posted by: Mandy Vavrinak | 04.18.07

Another important aspect of simplicity is the amount of copy. People don't like to read a lot - their subconscious craves brevity and conciseness.

Lastly, the aforementioned focus on designing for the customer is paramount. Asking what value does this sectional content serve to the client is key. Would someone really be interested in reading this?

Posted by: Mario Vellandi | 04.18.07

I concur with Gerry's and Mandy's comments. It is easy to make a complex task complicated to execute.

The real goal of user-centric design in understanding the users' needs and creating a process or design metaphor that simplifies the complexity.

I have, in the past, had to argue against adding features to products just for the sake of having the feature. We've all seen web applications with long lists of configurable options on a page that scrolls on for eternity. This only serves to frustrate the user.

Instead, create a way to make that same list of options less intrusive, but still available to the user. If they need to make a configuration change they can, but it doesn't get in the way of the primary function(s) of the application.

Ivan

Posted by: Ivan Chalif | 04.25.07

Gerry,

You start off quoting Norman's opinion that "simplicity does not sell."

Then, you counter with "there is a strong motivation to spend as little time as possible."

I totally concur with your take. In fact, in my opinion the only reason for a business (who does not actually have a point-of-purchase retail site) to have a website is to attract interest from potential customers or clients and create a contact. Oh, there are secondary reasons for having a site such as serving as an electronic brochure or for keeping customers informed, but unless a product is actually purchased on the website and a shopping cart is used to checkout, then the website needs to create the contact. That's pretty simple.

Keep it simple. Inform, create or stimulate the interest, and enable the contact. That's an effective website. Simple means streamlined - just the essential information in an easy-to-read format with good title tags so it is easy to find. Simple does not have to mean boring or amateurish in design. But go real light on entertaining and strong on the message.

Steve

Posted by: Steve Hoffacker | 05.06.07

Excellent post, Gerry!
I agree almost with everything. To my mind, a professional web site must possess 3 main qualities: simplicity of navigation, attractiveness (but not complexity) of website design and the main goal (the purpose of web site creation) that comes through all the contents, images, etc.

Posted by: Design Guru | 12.07.07

Gerry,

There are three vital aspects to creating a website that brings you lots of visitors and converts them into valuable customers:
trolley

* Design – to make your site attractive, practical and interesting
* Marketing – to bring the right people to your site
* Content – use the right words to transform your visitors into customers

Posted by: Kamil | 02.21.08

The simplivity of navigation is the main question. But as for me, I prefer flavour web design.

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